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Hayer affidavits

"Leon David" redirects here. For the French writer and painter known as Léon David, see Max Jacob.

The Hayer affidavits are two affidavits made by Talmadge Hayer—also known by the name Thomas Hagan—the convicted assassin of Malcolm&#;X. The statements give Hayer's account of his involvement in the planning and execution of the murder.

Background

Three men were convicted of the assassination of Malcolm&#;X: Talmadge Hayer, Norman 3X Butler, and Thomas 15X Johnson.

Norman 3x butler and thomas 15x johnson brothers A historic motion filed in a New York Supreme courtroom Thursday exonerated the accused two men previously convicted in connection with the murder of Malcolm X. For over half a century, Muhammad A. Although the two men have reserved their claims of having never committed the cold-blooded deed, their innocence has hardly been considered plausible, until Nov. Islam died in Aziz and his family, to the family of Mr.

At first, Hayer denied any involvement, but during the trial, he confessed to having fired shots at Malcolm&#;X. He testified that Butler and Johnson were not present and were not involved in the shooting, but he declined to name the men who had joined him in the attack.[1] Nonetheless, all three men were convicted.[2]

Affidavits

In and , Hayer submitted two affidavits re-asserting his claim that Butler and Johnson were not involved in the assassination.

In his affidavits Hayer named four men, all members of the Nation of Islam's Newark, New Jersey, Temple Number 25, as having participated with him in the crime. Hayer asserted that a man he knew as "Wilbur" or "Kinly", later identified as Wilbur McKinley, shouted and threw a smoke bomb to create a diversion.

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    • Hayer said that a man named "Willie", later identified as William Bradley, had a shotgun and was the first to fire on Malcolm&#;X after the diversion. Hayer asserted that he and a man named "Lee" or "Leon", later identified as Leon Davis, both armed with pistols, fired on Malcolm&#;X immediately after the shotgun blast. Hayer also said that a man named "Ben", later identified as Benjamin Thomas, was involved in the conspiracy.[3][4] Hayer's statements failed to convince authorities to reopen their investigation of the murder.[5]

    Aftermath

    Butler, now known as Muhammad Abdul Aziz, was paroled in He became the head of the Nation of Islam's Harlem mosque in New York in He continues to maintain his innocence.[6] Johnson, who changed his name to Khalil Islam, was released from prison in During his time in prison, he rejected the teachings of the Nation of Islam and converted to Sunni Islam.

    He maintained his innocence until his death in August [7][8] Hayer, now known as Mujahid Halim,[9] also disavowed the Nation of Islam's ideology, though he remains a practicing Muslim.[10] Hayer has expressed regret for his role in the assassination.[10][11] He was paroled in [11]

    Benjamin Thomas was killed in As of , Leon Davis was reported to be living in Paterson, New Jersey.

    Little is known about Wilbur McKinley, and one researcher has concluded that he is dead.[12][13]

    William Bradley spent decades as a criminal. He was charged in connection with a bank robbery in Livingston, New Jersey, but in the end charges against him were dismissed. During the s, Bradley was convicted of several charges related to robbery, aggravated assault, and drug possession.[14] As of , he was living in Newark, New Jersey, under the name Al-Mustafa Shabazz.[15][16][17] Through his attorney, Bradley (Al-Mustafa Shabazz) denied having participated in any way in the assassination.[17] Bradley died in [18]

    References

    1. ^Kondo, Zak A.

      (). Conspiracys: Unravelling the Assassination of Malcolm&#;X. Washington, D.C.: Nubia Press. p.&#; OCLC&#;

    2. ^Rickford, Russell J. ().

      Norman 3x butler and thomas 15x johnson funeral home Norman 3X Butler is escorted by detectives at police headquarters at Centre Street after his arrest as a suspect in the assassination of Malcolm X, in New York, Feb. Butler, who now goes by Muhammad Abdul Aziz, always maintained his innocence. Image: Associated Press. Updated on Feb. ET: Muhammad A.

      Betty Shabazz: A Remarkable Story of Survival and Faith Before and After Malcolm&#;X. Naperville, Ill.: Sourcebooks. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    3. ^Bush, Roderick (). We Are Not What We Seem: Black Nationalism and Class Struggle in the American Century.

      Norman 3x butler and thomas 15x johnson jr

      The Hayer affidavits are two affidavits made by Talmadge Hayer —also known by the name Thomas Hagan—the convicted assassin of Malcolm X. The statements give Hayer's account of his involvement in the planning and execution of the murder. At first, Hayer denied any involvement, but during the trial, he confessed to having fired shots at Malcolm X. He testified that Butler and Johnson were not present and were not involved in the shooting, but he declined to name the men who had joined him in the attack. In and , Hayer submitted two affidavits re-asserting his claim that Butler and Johnson were not involved in the assassination.

      New York: New York University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    4. ^Friedly, Michael (). Malcolm&#;X: The Assassination. New York: One World. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
    5. ^Gardell, Mattias (). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam.

      Norman 3x butler and thomas 15x johnson Two men wrongfully imprisoned for the murder of Malcolm X have been exonerated. Bromwich for the New York Times. A judge cleared Muhammad A. Aziz and Khalil Islam , two of the three men convicted of the killing in , after a month i nvestigation led by Manhattan district attorney Cyrus R. Vance Jr.

      Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    6. ^"Malcolm&#;X Killer Heads Mosque". BBC News. March 31, Retrieved August 1,
    7. ^Jacobson, Mark (October 1, ). "The Man Who Didn't Shoot Malcolm&#;X". New York. Retrieved August 1,
    8. ^Marable, Manning ().

      Malcolm&#;X: A Life of Reinvention. New York: Viking. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    9. ^Rickford, p.
    10. ^ abFanelli, James (May 18, ). "Quiet Life of an 'X'-Assassin". New York Post. Retrieved April 28,
    11. ^ abDrash, Wayne (April 27, ).

      "Malcolm&#;X Killer Freed After 44 Years". CNN. Retrieved April 27,

    12. ^Kondo, pp. –
    13. ^Marable, p.
    14. ^Marable, pp. –
    15. ^Dewan, Shaila (July 22, ). "Biography Revives Push to Reopen Malcolm&#;X Case". The New York Times.

    16. Norman 3x butler and thomas 15x johnson iii
    17. Norman 3x butler and thomas 15x johnson ii
    18. Norman 3x butler and thomas 15x johnson youtube

      19. Retrieved July 23,

    19. ^Nutt, Amy Ellis; Cater, Barry (April 3, ). "In New Book, Historian Alleges Newark Man Killed Malcolm&#;X". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 23,
    20. ^ abThompson, Krissah (April 3, ).

      Norman 3x butler and thomas 15x johnson iii: Three members of the Nation of Islam, a religious and political group, were quickly arrested: Mujahid Abdul Halim (then known as Talmadge Hayer and Thomas Hagan), Muhammad A. Aziz (then known as Norman 3X Butler), and Khalil Islam (then known as Thomas 15X Johnson).

      "Manning Marable Book Revisits Assassination of Malcolm&#;X, Names Alleged Triggerman". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 23,

    21. ^"Does Malcolm X's Assassination Matter 55 Years Later? New Claims Suggest it Might". February 14,

    Further reading